The paper proposes an Integrated Taxonomy for Higher Education (ITHE) which adds 'apply (social enquiry)' as a third dimension to knowledge and cognition as mentioned in the Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. The ITHE lays strong emphasis on developing skills, social orientation, knowledge and cognition within the aim to create an Integrated Skills, Knowledge and Competency Based Outcomes (ISKCO). The paper posits two principal arguments. First, Bloom’s Taxonomy is inadequate to address the modern needs of higher education. 'Remember' and 'understand' (revised Taxonomy) in the taxonomical hierarchy is largely irrelevant to the evolving needs of higher education. ‘Apply’ as the third stage in the taxonomical hierarchy needs to be integrated across the entire taxonomical design. The ITHE adds ‘diagnose’ and ‘context’ as the first two hierarchical stages and includes ‘apply as social enquiry’ as the third dimension. 'Apply as social enquiry' integrates skills and social orientation to the taxonomical design thereby recognizing social enquiry. Second, the paper integrates Outcome Based Education and Competency Based education and creates Integrated Skills, Knowledge and Competency Based Outcomes (ISKCO) framework arguing that both OBE and CBE are essentially transactional emphasizing on Knowledge and Cognition (Bloom’s Taxonomy) with limited reach to develop skills and social orientation to make students future ready for the industry. The proof of concept was assessed with 25 post graduate students pursuing public policy and has currently been implemented for 238 law students by effectively integrating knowledge, cognition and social enquiry (skills development and social orientation) in the educational curriculum.

Authors:
Mukul Saxena, Alliance University, India

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Mukul is a Professor & Director, Centre for PG and Legal Studies and Centre of Excellence in Public Policy, Sustainability and ESG Research. His particular interests include the cross section of law and policy, ESG and human rights law.

Connect on Linkedin
https://linkedin.com/in/mukul-saxena

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